When someone has an allergy it basically means they are hypersensitive to certain, usually harmless things, like dust, foods or plants. Tens of millions of people suffer from allergies throughout the world. Allergy symptoms can range from a runny nose and itchy eyes, to anaphylactic shock or death. Seen in its simplest form, an allergy is an over-reaction of the body’s immune system. In short, the body responds as though it’s under attack, releasing antibodies and triggering inflammation, even though the stimulus of the attack (the allergen) is normally harmless.
Anaphylactic shock caused by an allergy to a specific compound usually happens after an allergen has been ingested, inhaled or has come into contact with the skin. If it is particularly severe, it can lead to death within minutes, but can also take hours to present. Airways become constricted due to facial and neck swelling, and anxiety, vomiting, itching and fainting can be experienced. This allergy response requires immediate medical attention, which can involve administering epinephrine (adrenaline to keep the airway open) and rescue breathing.
Allergic responses are usually viewed in three categories. First is the acute allergic reaction, which may occur rarely or in response to a single allergen (such as peanuts) and can be quite dangerous. The second category is chronic cases, in which the sufferer regularly or always show allergy symptoms, sometimes in response to a specific allergen (e.g., dust mites or ragweed), or as the result of an overload of allergens. In the third category, sub clinical cases, people may suffer transient, seemingly disconnected symptoms that can be difficult to recognize as an allergic response.
The allergic response is closely related to the inflammatory cascade, and that’s one reason it has such serious health effects. Allergic reactions are recognized as one of the most important causes of illness and disease in America. Allergies and sensitivities are at the root of many health problems, including respiratory ailments, skin abnormalities, mood disorders and gastrointestinal symptoms. And the negative health effects resulting from the mechanism of inflammation are equally profound. In short, neither a chronic nor acute allergic response is something you should ignore.